Graph shows globally averaged, monthly mean atmospheric methane abundance determined from marine surface sites since 1983.
(Image credit: NOAA)
Analyses lay out a blueprint for speeding development of atmospheric removal and modeling how the approach could improve human health and have an outsized effect on reducing future peak temperatures.
Earlier this month, President Biden urged other countries to join the U.S. and European Union in a commitment to slashing methane emissions. Two new Stanford-led studies could help pave the way by laying out a blueprint for coordinating research on methane removal technologies, and modeling how the approach could have an outsized effect on reducing future peak temperatures.
The analyses, published Sept. 27 in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, reveal that removing about three years-worth of human-caused emissions of the potent greenhouse gas would reduce global surface temperatures by approximately 0.21 degrees Celsius while reducing ozone levels enough to prevent roughly 50,000 premature deaths annually. The findings open the door to direct comparisons with carbon dioxide removal – an approach that has received significantly more research and investment – and could help shape national and international climate policy in the future.
“The time is ripe to invest in methane removal technologies,” said Rob Jackson, lead author on the new research agenda paper and senior author on the modeling study. Jackson is the Michelle and Kevin Douglas Provostial Professor of Energy and Environment in Stanford’s School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences.
The case for methane removal
The relative concentration of methane has grown more than twice as fast as that of carbon dioxide since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Removing methane from the atmosphere could reduce temperatures even faster than carbon dioxide removal alone because methane is 81 times more potent in terms of warming the climate over the first 20 years after its release, and about 27 times more potent over a century. Methane removal also improves air quality by decreasing the concentration of tropospheric ozone, exposure to which causes an estimated one million premature deaths annually worldwide due to respiratory illnesses.
Unlike carbon dioxide, the bulk of methane emissions are human-driven. Primary culprits include agricultural sources such as livestock, which emit methane in their breath and manure, and rice fields, which emit methane when flooded. Waste disposal and fossil fuel extraction also contribute substantial emissions. Natural sources of methane, including soil microbes in wetlands, account for the remaining 40 percent of global methane emissions. They further complicate the picture because some of them, such as thawing permafrost, are projected to increase as the planet warms.
While development of methane removal technologies will not be easy, the potential financial rewards are big. If market prices for carbon offsets rise to $100 or more per ton this century, as predicted by most relevant assessment models, each ton of methane removed from the atmosphere could then be worth more than $2,700.
Envisioning methane removal’s impacts
The modeling study uses a new model developed by the United Kingdom’s national weather service (known as the UK Met Office) to examine methane removal’s potential impacts while accounting for its shorter lifetime than carbon dioxide – a key factor because some of the methane removed would have disappeared anyway. The researchers created a set of scenarios by varying either the amount removed or the timing of removal to generalize their results over a wide range of realistic future emissions pathways.
Under a high emissions scenario, the analysis showed that a 40 percent reduction in global methane emissions by 2050 would lead to a temperature reduction of approximately 0.4 degrees Celsius by 2050. Under a low emissions scenario where temperature peaks during the 21st century, methane removal of the same magnitude could reduce the peak temperature by up to 1 degree Celsius.
“This new model allows us to better understand how methane removal alters warming on the global scale and air quality on the human scale,” said modeling study lead author and research agenda coauthor Sam Abernethy, a PhD student in applied physics who works in Jackson’s lab.
From research to development
The path to achieving these climate and air quality improvements remains unclear. To bring it into focus, the research agenda paper compares and contrasts aspects of carbon dioxide and methane removal, describes a range of technologies for methane removal and outlines a framework for coordinating and accelerating its scale-up. The framework would help facilitate more accurate analysis of methane removal factors ranging from location-specific simulations to potential interactions with other climate change mitigation approaches.
Methane is challenging to capture from air because its concentration is so low, but burgeoning technologies – such as a class of crystalline materials called zeolites capable of soaking up the gas – hold the promise of a solution, according to the researchers. They argue for increased research into these technologies’ cost, efficiency, scaling and energy requirements, potential social barriers to deployment, co-benefits and possible negative by-products.
“Carbon dioxide removal has received billions of dollars of investments, with dozens of companies formed,” said Jackson. “We need similar commitments for methane removal.”
Original Article: Stanford-led research reveals potential of an overlooked climate change solution
More from: Stanford University | University of California Irvine | Humboldt State University | University of Pennsylvania | Concordia University | École nationale supérieure de chimie de Montpellier | Simon Fraser University
The Latest Updates from Bing News & Google News
Go deeper with Bing News on:
Methane removal
- No bull: How creating less-gassy cows could help fight climate changeon April 23, 2024 at 3:38 pm
A new study has revealed breeding less-flatulent cows and restoring agricultural land could significantly reduce rising methane emission levels, which play a considerable role in climate change.
- New Delhi chokes as trash mountain fire spreads hazardous fumeson April 23, 2024 at 3:04 pm
India’s capital choked on toxic fumes Tuesday, as a thick and pungent haze spread from a fire at a towering trash dump, the latest in a series of landfill blazes that authorities have struggled for ...
- How creating less-gassy cows could help fight climate changeon April 23, 2024 at 10:29 am
A Curtin University study has revealed breeding less-flatulent cows and restoring agricultural land could significantly reduce rising methane emission levels, which play a considerable role in climate ...
- Brookings facility using natural gas from cattle manure is first of several planned by utilityon April 23, 2024 at 8:29 am
As the manure decomposes, it emits biogas. The biogas is captured and processed to remove moisture and carbon dioxide.
- General Galactic emerges from stealth to make methane from carbon dioxideon April 22, 2024 at 9:00 am
There, he met Luke Neise, and the two started the company after realizing that producing methane from carbon dioxide would be more useful here on Earth than it would be on Mars. The two struck out ...
Go deeper with Google Headlines on:
Methane removal
[google_news title=”” keyword=”methane removal” num_posts=”5″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]
Go deeper with Bing News on:
Methane emissions
- Martian Methane Baffles Scientists: Curiosity Rover’s Surprising Discoveryon April 27, 2024 at 1:13 am
A recent paper may help explain why a portable chemistry lab on NASA’s Curiosity rover has continually sniffed out traces of the gas near the surface of Gale Crater. The most surprising revelation fro ...
- Reducing Methane Emissions: How Creating Less-Gassy Cows Could Combat Climate Changeon April 26, 2024 at 11:35 pm
A Curtin University study has revealed breeding less-flatulent cows and restoring agricultural land could significantly reduce rising methane emission levels, which play a considerable role in climate ...
- New Cornell research paving the way for reduced methane emissions from dairy farmson April 26, 2024 at 3:20 pm
Dairy farming remains a critical segment of the economy in Western New York and as the conversation surrounding climate change grows, the need to adapt and reduce methane emissions while still being ...
- Methane Eating Microbes - A Novel Solution For Greenhouse Gas Mitigationon April 25, 2024 at 7:00 am
Methane is a significant contributor to human-driven greenhouse gas emissions, but there is useful group of microbes that can help because they use methane for food.
- Curbing methane provides hope for climateon April 24, 2024 at 1:59 am
While climate scientists and politicians have so far focused primarily on carbon dioxide emissions, the looming threat of not reducing climate warming in the needed speed with the growing risk of ...
Go deeper with Google Headlines on:
Methane emissions
[google_news title=”” keyword=”methane emissions” num_posts=”5″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]