Colin Johnson
Researchers at Oregon State University have found a key new piece of the puzzle in the quest to use gene therapy to enable people born deaf to hear.
The work centers around a large gene responsible for an inner-ear protein, otoferlin. Mutations in otoferlin are linked to severe congenital hearing loss, a common type of deafness in which patients can hear almost nothing.
“For a long time otoferlin seemed to be a one-trick pony of a protein,” said Colin Johnson, associate professor of biochemistry and biophysics in the OSU College of Science. “A lot of genes will find various things to do, but the otoferlin gene had appeared only to have one purpose and that was to encode sound in the sensory hair cells in the inner ear. Small mutations in otoferlin render people profoundly deaf.”
In its regular form, the otoferlin gene is too big to package into a delivery vehicle for molecular therapy, so Johnson’s team is looking at using a truncated version instead.
Research led by graduate student Aayushi Manchanda showed the shortened version needs to include a part of the gene known as the transmembrane domain, and one of the reasons for that was unexpected: Without the transmembrane domain, the sensory cells were slow to mature.
“That was surprising since otoferlin was known to help encode hearing information but had not been thought to be involved in sensory cell development,” Johnson said.
Findings were published today in Molecular Biology of the Cell.
Scientists in Johnson’s lab have been working for years with the otoferlin molecule and in 2017 they identified a truncated form of the gene that can function in the encoding of sound.
To test whether the transmembrane domain of otoferlin needed to be part of the shortened version of the gene, Manchanda introduced a mutation that truncated the transmembrane domain in zebrafish.
Zebrafish, a small freshwater species that go from a cell to a swimming fish in about five days, share a remarkable similarity to humans at the molecular, genetic and cellular levels, meaning many zebrafish findings are immediately relevant to humans. Embryonic zebrafish are transparent and can be easily maintained in small amounts of water.
“The transmembrane domain tethers otoferlin to the cell membrane and intracellular vesicles but it was not clear if this was essential and had to be included in a shortened form of otoferlin,” Manchanda said. “We found that the loss of the transmembrane domain results in the sensory hair cells producing less otoferlin as well as deficits in hair cell activity. The mutation also caused a delay in the maturation of the sensory cells, which was a surprise. Overall the results argue that the transmembrane domain must be included in any gene therapy construct.”
At the molecular level, Manchanda found that a lack of transmembrane domain led to otoferlin failing to properly link the synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter to the cell membrane, causing less neurotransmitter to be released.
“Our study suggests otoferlin’s ability to tether the vesicles to the cell membrane is a key mechanistic step for neurotransmitter release during the encoding of sound,” Manchanda said.
Original Article: Researchers get closer to gene therapy that would restore hearing for the congenitally deaf
More from: Oregon State University
The Latest Updates from Bing News & Google News
Go deeper with Bing News on:
Gene therapy for deafness
- In a World First, Gene Therapy Restores Child’s Hearing
In a remarkable medical breakthrough, doctors have restored the hearing of 18-month-old Opal Sandy, who was born deaf. The development was made possible through an innovative gene therapy performed at ...
- 16-Minute Gene Therapy Restores Hearing To British Baby, A World First
An 18-month-old British child has regained her hearing through a pioneering gene therapy, marking a significant stride in the treatment of deafness.
- Regeneron gene therapy restores hearing in profoundly deaf child
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals’ gene therapy for otoferlin-related hearing loss, a genetic cause of deafness, has restored hearing to normal levels in one deaf child within just 24 weeks.
- Breakthrough Gene Therapy Enables Infant Born Deaf to Hear
HealthDay News — Significant hearing improvements have been achieved in an infant with profound hearing loss due to a biallelic otoferlin gene (OTOF) mutation, according to the results of a ...
- Toddler Born Deaf Can Now Hear Due To Revolutionary Gene Therapy: Here’s What It Means For Deafness Treatment
Within weeks of gene therapy Opal began to respond to loud sounds marking a significant milestone in her journey towards hearing ...
Go deeper with Google Headlines on:
Gene therapy for deafness
[google_news title=”” keyword=”gene therapy for deafness” num_posts=”5″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]
Go deeper with Bing News on:
Otoferlin
- Deaf toddler playing piano and dancing after world-first gene therapy
The treatment means the ear’s sensory cells are able to produce a vital protein called otoferlin that is required for the tiny hair cells in the ear to transmit signals to the brain. Opal’s parents, ...
- Regeneron Gene Therapy Restores Hearing in Infant With Genetic Form of Deafness, Data at ASGCT Show
An infant with profound hearing loss caused by a rare genetic condition is now able to hear at near-normal levels after receiving Decibel Therapeutics' experimental gene therapy, and another patient ...
- Regeneron gene therapy restores hearing in profoundly deaf child
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals’ gene therapy for otoferlin-related hearing loss, a genetic cause of deafness, has restored hearing to normal levels in one deaf child within just 24 weeks.
- Breakthrough Gene Therapy Enables Infant Born Deaf to Hear
HealthDay News — Significant hearing improvements have been achieved in an infant with profound hearing loss due to a biallelic otoferlin gene (OTOF) mutation, according to the results of a ...
- Baby born deaf hears after unique gene therapy
Opal Sandy, now 18 months old, was completely deaf at birth due to a rare genetic condition called auditory neuropathy. But within four weeks of receiving a gene therapy infusion in her right ear as ...
Go deeper with Google Headlines on:
Otoferlin
[google_news title=”” keyword=”otoferlin” num_posts=”5″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]