The idea that corporations bear a responsibility that stretches beyond their shareholders is not new.
The idea that corporations bear a responsibility that stretches beyond their shareholders is not new. Many companies in the 19th century built special housing for their employees in the belief that a well-housed employee was more productive than one living in a dump. In the early years of the 20th century, Theodore Roosevelt, then president of the United States, said:
He introduced antitrust legislation and rules on health and safety, and on working hours.
In 1987, Adrian Cadbury, head of the eponymous chocolate firm, wrote in Harvard Business Review:
The debate then focused on how much of Roosevelt’s supervision and regulation was needed to make sure that corporations act sufficiently in the interests of the wider community. Extreme free-marketers say all that is required to ensure the responsible behaviour of corporations is transparency about their affairs. Corporations will then behave responsibly towards the wider community without any coercion because it is in their own best interests. “Being good”, said Anita Roddick, founder of an “ethical” cosmetics firm, The Body Shop, “is good business.”
In the United States, the Better Business Bureau goes further and argues that unethical business is bad for business as a whole, not just for individual firms:
The recent debate about corporate social responsibility (CSR) has focused on three main areas: