Scientists trace path of bacterial toxins from the mouth to the brain and other tissues
Researchers are reporting new findings on how bacteria involved in gum disease can travel throughout the body, exuding toxins connected with Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis and aspiration pneumonia. They detected evidence of the bacteria in brain samples from people with Alzheimer’s and used mice to show that the bacterium can find its way from the mouth to the brain.
The bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, is the bad actor involved in periodontitis, the most serious form of gum disease. These new findings underscore the importance of good dental hygiene as scientists seek ways to better control this common bacterial infection.
“Oral hygiene is very important throughout our life, not only for having a beautiful smile but also to decrease the risk of many serious diseases,” said Jan Potempa, PhD, DSc, a professor at the University of Louisville School of Dentistry and head of the department of microbiology at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. “People with genetic risk factors that make them susceptible to rheumatoid arthritis or Alzheimer’s disease should be extremely concerned with preventing gum disease.”
While previous researchers have noted the presence of P. gingivalis in brain samples from Alzheimer’s patients, Potempa’s team, in collaboration with Cortexyme, Inc., offers the strongest evidence to date that the bacterium may actually contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Potempa will present the research at the American Association of Anatomists annual meeting during the 2019 Experimental Biology meeting, held April 6-9 in Orlando, Fla.
The researchers compared brain samples from deceased people with and without Alzheimer’s disease who were roughly the same age when they died. They found P. gingivaliswas more common in samples from Alzheimer’s patients, evidenced by the bacterium’s DNA fingerprint and the presence of its key toxins, known as gingipains.
In studies using mice, they showed P. gingivalis can move from the mouth to the brain and that this migration can be blocked by chemicals that interact with gingipains. An experimental drug that blocks gingipains, known as COR388, is currently in phase 1 clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease. Cortexyme, Inc. and Potempa’s team are working on other compounds that block enzymes important to P. gingivalis and other gum bacteria in hopes of interrupting their role in advancing Alzheimer’s and other diseases.
The researchers also report evidence on the bacterium’s role in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, as well as aspiration pneumonia, a lung infection caused by inhaling food or saliva.
“P. gingivalis‘s main toxins, the enzymes the bacterium need to exert its devilish tasks, are good targets for potential new medical interventions to counteract a variety of diseases,” said Potempa. “The beauty of such approaches in comparison to antibiotics is that such interventions are aimed only at key pathogens, leaving alone good, commensal bacteria, which we need.”
P. gingivalis commonly begins to infiltrate the gums during the teenage years. About one in five people under age 30 have low levels of the bacterium in their gums. While it is not harmful in most people, if it grows to large numbers the bacteria provoke the body’s immune system to create inflammation, leading to redness, swelling, bleeding and the erosion of gum tissue.
Making matters worse, P. gingivalis even causes benign bacteria in the mouth to change their activities and further increase the immune response. Bacteria can travel from the mouth into the bloodstream through the simple act of chewing or brushing teeth.
The best way to prevent P. gingivalis from growing out of control is by brushing and flossing regularly and visiting a dental hygienist at least once a year, Potempa said. Smokers and older people are at increased risk for infection. Genetic factors are also thought to play a role, but they are not well understood.
Learn more: Gum bacteria implicated in Alzheimer’s and other diseases
The Latest on: P. gingivalis
[google_news title=”” keyword=”P. gingivalis” num_posts=”10″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]
via Google News
The Latest on: Gum disease
- Questions About Periodontal Disease? Doctors Have The Answer.on May 9, 2024 at 2:28 pm
If the pockets are deeper than 4 or 5 millimeters, it may indicate periodontal disease.This article explores the diagnosis of periodontal disease, a common oral health condition. Expert opinions from ...
- How to Stop Bleeding Gumson May 9, 2024 at 7:26 am
Bleeding gums can have many causes, and the leading causes can be resolved through twice-daily brushing. Here are some other ways to stop bleeding gums.
- Dangers of Gum Diseaseon May 5, 2024 at 6:43 am
Bleeding gums are a sign of gingivitis, a form of early periodontal disease. Almost half of American adults have some form of periodontal disease—many don't even know it. Yet if left unchecked ...
- Listerine Clinical Solutions Gum Health Antiseptic Mouthwash, Now 11% Offon April 30, 2024 at 9:23 am
Listerine's Clinical Solutions stands out from other mouthwash offerings because it goes beyond freshening your breath. Loaded with eucalyptol, menthol, and thymol - it targets the root cause of ...
- Top 8 Best Toothpastes for Periodontal Diseases in 2024on April 26, 2024 at 5:00 pm
Periodontal disease is a prevalent global dental health issue that significantly affects a large number of individuals. This severe gum infection damages the soft tissue and erodes the bone ...
- I’m a periodontist, here’s how I avoid gum disease (and why I skip mouthwash)on April 26, 2024 at 12:49 pm
Over half of the British public have signs of gum disease. Gingivitis, a painful inflammation of the gums, is a precursor to periodontal disease [bacterial infection of the gums and teeth] which can ...
- Chewing gum has been linked to better diets – but it’s no way to improve your healthon April 15, 2024 at 10:00 am
The relationship between chewing gum – both the sugary and the non-sugary kind – and whether chewing gum might prevent conditions like gum disease, bone loss around teeth, and caries, was ...
- Treating gum disease during AFib blanking period could reduce recurrence riskon April 11, 2024 at 5:00 pm
Periodontal status was evaluated by a dental clinician using standard methods to measure inflammation and disease extent. This treatment consisted of comprehensive oral hygiene instruction and ...
- A Hidden Culprit Behind A-Fib: Gum Diseaseon April 11, 2024 at 12:28 am
Folks treated for an irregular heart rhythm were more likely to keep a healthy heartbeat if they took steps to manage their gum disease, researchers report. The study involved atrial fibrillation ...
via Bing News