Researchers from Cornell University and the Smithsonian Institution have solved the decades-long puzzle of canine in vitro fertilization (IVF), resulting in the world’s first litter of IVF puppies.
The breakthrough, described in a study published online Dec. 9 in the journal Public Library of Science ONE, opens the door for preserving endangered canid species using assisted reproduction techniques. It could also enable researchers to eradicate heritable diseases in dogs and facilitate the study of genetic diseases in dogs and humans, which share many of the same or similar illnesses.
Researchers at the Cornell laboratory transferred 19 embryos to a host female dog, who gave birth last spring to seven healthy puppies. Genetic testing shows that two are from a beagle mother and a cocker spaniel father, and five from two pairings of beagle fathers and mothers.
“Since the mid-1970s, people have been trying to do [IVF] in a dog and have been unsuccessful,” said co-author Alex Travis, associate professor of reproductive biology at the Baker Institute for Animal Health in Cornell’s College of Veterinary Medicine.
The paper’s first author, Jennifer Nagashima, was a graduate student whose participation in the project was funded by the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) and Cornell’s Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. The National Institutes of Health and the Baker Institute provided funding for the project itself.
Laboratories perform successful IVF with other mammals—including humans—by retrieving mature eggs and sperm and combining them in an artificial environment to produce embryos. The embryos are transferred to a host female at the right time in her reproductive cycle.
Past attempts at canine IVF failed because a female dog’s reproductive cycle differs from that of other mammals. Canine eggs retrieved at the same stage of cell maturation as other animals failed to fertilize. By applying the oocyte biology expertise of SCBI’s Nucharin Songsasen, a research biologist and co-author, the team found that if they left the egg in the oviduct one extra day, the eggs reached the stage where fertilization was most likely to occur.
In addition, the female canine tract plays a role in preparing sperm for fertilization, so researchers had to simulate those conditions in the lab. Building on Travis’s earlier work on sperm physiology, the team found that sperm could be artificially prepared by adding magnesium to the cell culture.
“We made those two changes, and now we achieve success in fertilization rates at 80 to 90 percent,” Travis said.
The final challenge arises because female dogs can only become pregnant once or twice a year. This means embryos must be created ahead of time and preserved until the host female is at the right point in her cycle. The team solved this problem by using the technique, developed by Travis’s lab in partnership with SCBI, which produced Klondike, the first puppy born from a frozen embryo in the Western Hemisphere.
The birth of IVF puppies has wide implications for wildlife conservation. “We can freeze and bank sperm, and use it for artificial insemination,” Travis said. “We can also freeze oocytes, but in the absence of in vitro fertilization, we couldn’t use them. Now we can use this technique to conserve the genetics of endangered species.” The method can also be used to preserve rare breeds of show and working dogs.
In addition, embryonic dogs now offer a “powerful tool for understanding the genetic basis of diseases” in canines and humans, Travis said. Dogs share more than 350 similar heritable disorders and traits with humans, almost twice the number as any other species.
Read more: First “test tube” puppies born at Cornell veterinary college
The Latest on: In vitro fertilization
[google_news title=”” keyword=”in vitro fertilization” num_posts=”10″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]
via Google News
The Latest on: In vitro fertilization
- New Jersey Bill Proposes Tax Deduction for In Vitro Fertilization Costson May 12, 2024 at 10:12 am
A new bill in New Jersey aims to offer financial relief to residents undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) by allowing them to claim a ...
- Louisiana court says man in same-sex marriage not legal parent to child born in wedlockon May 12, 2024 at 2:00 am
When Jason Serrano and longtime partner Jonathan Foret got married three years ago, they did so with family in mind.
- Health News Roundup: Merck's endometrial cancer therapy fails trial; NYC sued for denying gay employees in vitro fertilization coverage and moreon May 9, 2024 at 11:06 pm
Japan's biggest drugmaker said it will incur restructuring costs of about 140 billion yen ($899 million) this fiscal year as part of a plan to optimise its workforce, cut costs and strengthen ...
- NYC sued for denying gay employees in vitro fertilization coverageon May 9, 2024 at 1:39 pm
New York City was hit with a lawsuit on Thursday claiming it discriminates against gay male city employees by only covering the costs of in vitro fertilization for women and heterosexual couples. The ...
- NYC sued for denying in vitro fertilization coverage to gay male employeeson May 9, 2024 at 11:23 am
New York City is facing a lawsuit from a gay male employee who argues that the city's policy of only providing in vitro fertilization coverage to women is discriminatory. The Thursday lawsuit was ...
- A gay couple couldn’t access IVF benefits. They’re suing New York City.on May 9, 2024 at 8:27 am
New York City is denying in vitro fertilization benefits to thousands of gay male employees of the city and their partners, a class-action lawsuit filed by a same-sex married couple alleged Thursday.
- Democrats seek to make GOP pay in November for threats to reproductive rightson May 9, 2024 at 2:00 am
Democrats running for office are using abortion rollbacks to galvanize voters, with abortion rights ballot initiatives amplifying their lines of attack.
- Gameto Announces New Data Demonstrating Clinical-Grade Manufacturing of In Vitro Maturation Solution for Fertility Careon May 8, 2024 at 4:41 am
"This study is the first to demonstrate the end-to-end process by which a therapy developed from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has the potential to enhance in vitro fertilization (IVF) ...
- France and US: Two wildly different takes on in vitro fertilizationon May 5, 2024 at 11:15 pm
In vitro fertilization (IVF), a procedure first used more than 45 years ago, has suddenly become the topic of political debate on both sides of the Atlantic — but for wildly different reasons. In ...
- Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Services Market Projected to Surge, Reaching US$ 11,652.7 Million by 2033on May 5, 2024 at 6:50 pm
The latest report by Future Market Insights reveals an unprecedented growth trajectory for the global in vitro fertilization banking services market. Projections indicate a surge to nearly US$ 4,310.9 ...
via Bing News