Could aspirin help the immune system fight off drug resistant TB?

via EurekAlert!

Research led by the Centenary Institute in Sydney has found a brand new target for treating drug resistant tuberculosis; our scientists have uncovered that the tuberculosis bacterium hijacks platelets from the body’s blood clotting system to weaken our immune systems.

Tuberculosis is far from eradicated around the world and still infects more than 1,400 people per year in Australia. Antibiotic resistant tuberculosis is particularly deadly and expensive to treat,
costing up to $250,000 to treat a single case in Australia. Scientists at the Centenary Institute have been working on new ways to treat tuberculosis by increasing the effectiveness of the immune
system.

Using the zebrafish model of tuberculosis, the researchers used fluorescent microscopy to observe the build-up of clots and activation of platelets around sites of infection . Senior author and head of the Centenary’s Immune-Vascular Interactions laboratory, Dr Stefan Oehlers, says “the zebrafish gives us literal insight into disease processes by watching cells interacting in real time”.

Following their hunch that these platelets were being tricked by the infection into getting in the way of the body’s immune system, the researchers treated infections with anti-platelet drugs, including widely available aspirin, and were able to prevent hijacking and allow the body to control infection better.

Dr Elinor Hortle, lead author of the paper published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, and Research Officer in Centenary’s Immune-Vascular Interactions laboratory says “This is the first
time that platelets have been found to worsen tuberculosis in an animal model. It opens up the possibility that anti-platelet drugs could be used to help the immune system fight off drug resistant
TB”.

There are over 1.2 million Australians living with latent tuberculosis, a non-infectious form of TB that puts them at risk of developing the active disease. “Our study provides more crucial evidence
that widely available aspirin could be used to treat patients with severe tuberculosis infection and save lives,” says Dr Hortle.

Video 1 – Green platelets
zooming around the
vasculature of a zebrafish
embryo. Note some platelets
stick to red macrophages
infected by blue bacteria

Video 2 – Zoomed in version
of video 1 with visible blood
vessels.
Green platelets sticking to
red blood vessels next to
sites of infection by blue
bacteria. Pathogenic platelets
are the green cells that stick
next to the bacteria for a few
minutes.

Learn more: Aspirin to fight an expensive global killer infection