Fig 1. Molecular model of PTP signaling pathways in heterologous synapse formation. A) PTP? triggers excitatory heterologous synapse formation through a combination of extracellular and intracellular signaling components. The PTP D2 domain binds intracellular adaptor proteins (e.g., liprin-?) and substrates (e.g., p250RhoGAP and N-cadherin) to recruit the vesicular machinery for excitatory synapse development. This signal transduction model differs from that of neurexin. B) Neurexins serve as anchor proteins that transduce postsynaptic signals from various ligands (e.g., neuroligins and leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins) and transfer them to adjacent, but as yet unidentified, coreceptor protein(s) to mediate the signal transduction cascades necessary for full heterologous synapse formation activity.
CREDIT
Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
A research team led by Professor Jaewon Ko and Ji Won Um from Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences identified a new principle of formation of brain synapses through synaptic binding protein complexes.
Many nerve cells that make up the brain control the function of the brain through synapses*. Although recent studies show that synaptic binding proteins play a certain role in the formation of synapses, detailed factors or processes for collectively controlling the synapses remain unknown.
The research team has been focusing on discovering related binding proteins and finding detailed mechanisms to identify the principles of formation of excitatory synapses among synapses.
In this study, the research team found that the interaction between the PTP? proteins and certain bone proteins among binding proteins plays a critical role in synapse formation. In particular, they have identified that the ‘normal tyrosine signaling mechanism’ resulting from the reaction of certain elements of the PTP? proteins is an essential component of synapse formation.
Given the potential correlation between proteins and mental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and depression that recent large-scale human genetics studies have shown, the research team’s experiment is expected to provide important clues to help analyze the causes of brain disorders and enable treatment through further studies of related proteins.
Professor Ko expressed his determination by saying, “As our recent study has reported, PTP? proteins, along with neurexin, are considered key proteins responsible for the development of neural circuits. Our world-leading research team will conduct further studies to continue research on the development of synapses and neural circuits.”
Learn more:Â One step closer to finding a cure for brain diseases
The Latest on: Brain disease
via Google News
The Latest on: Brain disease
- Researchers may have found the missing link between Alzheimer's and vascular diseaseon May 25, 2022 at 1:54 pm
For more than 20 years, scientists have known that people with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, or obesity have a higher likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease.
- Missing link between Alzheimer's and vascular disease found?on May 25, 2022 at 1:21 pm
NEW YORK, NY -- For more than 20 years, scientists have known that people with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, or obesity have a higher likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The ...
- Researchers discover the mechanism responsible for information transfer between different regions of the brainon May 25, 2022 at 8:26 am
In the early 20th century scientists began to record brain activity using electrodes attached to the scalp. To their surprise, they saw that brain activity is characterized by slow and rapid ascending ...
- Type 2 diabetes accelerates brain aging and cognitive declineon May 25, 2022 at 7:50 am
Scientists have demonstrated that normal brain aging is accelerated by approximately 26% in people with progressive type 2 diabetes compared with individuals without the disease, reports a new study.
- Brain fog: What causes it? How can it be treated?on May 25, 2022 at 7:00 am
Gianna Biscontini, a board-certified behavior analyst, author and coach based in Los Angeles, noticed a change in how her brain was working. “I noticed a cognitive decline. I began to miss meetings, ...
- Johns Hopkins Medicine Researchers Link Sugar-Studded Protein to Alzheimer’s Diseaseon May 25, 2022 at 5:30 am
In a bit of “reverse engineering” research using brain tissues from five people who died with Alzheimer’s disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers say they discovered that a special sugar molecule ...
- Type 2 diabetes found to speed up brain aging and cognitive declineon May 24, 2022 at 10:03 pm
Comparing those with type 2 diabetes and those without, a new study published in the journal eLife has found the disease significantly accelerates brain aging. While the pattern of neurodegeneration ...
- What to know about Powassan virus, a tick-borne disease that can cause fatal brain infectionon May 23, 2022 at 1:54 pm
About one in every 10 cases of severe disease caused by Powassan virus is deadly, and half of those who survive develop long-term health problems.
- Brain Plasticity and Neurogenesis: How Do They Affect Your Brain?on May 23, 2022 at 6:20 am
Brain plasticity refers to the nervous system’s ability to transform and reorganize itself throughout your life. It involves neurogenesis, which is the creation of new neurons in your brain.
via Bing News