The robot that learns everything from scratch

Imagine that everything in your mind had been erased, and you had to learn everything all over again. What would that process be like?

Two researchers at NTNU have made a robot that learns like a young child. At least, that’s the idea. The machine starts with nothing — it has to learn everything from scratch.

“We’re still pretty far away from accurately modelling all aspects of a living child’s brain, but the algorithms that handle sound and image processing are inspired by biology,” says Professor Øyvind Brandtsegg at NTNU.

The machine is called [self.]. It analyses sound through a system based on the human ear, and learns to recognize images using a digital model of how nerve cells in the brain handle sensory impressions. It is designed to learn entirely from sensory input with no pre-defined knowledge database, so that its learning process will resemble that of a human child in early life.

“We’ve given it almost no pre-defined knowledge on purpose,” Brandtsegg says.

Interdisciplinary project

The ‘we’ that Brandtsegg refers to is himself and postdoc Axel Tidemann – because this is without a doubt an interdisciplinary project. The machine is so complex that cooperation between different research fields is an absolute necessity to get it to work. Brandtsegg is at the Department of Music, while Tidemann is at the Department of Computer and Information Science. But they have overlapping interests.

“We understand just enough of each other’s fields of study to see what is difficult, and why,” Brandtsegg says. Naturally, his main interest is music.

But he is also an accomplished programmer, and uses this knowledge to make music. Conversely, Tidemann made a drumming robot for his doctoral project. The robot simulated the playing styles of living drummers.

Knows nothing

In the beginning, their robot knew nothing. It ‘hears’ sounds from a person speaking, and can connect these to a simultaneous video feed of the speaker.

The robot picks a sound that the person appears to be emphasizing, and responds by playing other sounds that it associates with this, while projecting a neural representation of its association between the sound and pictures. It doesn’t show a video, but rather how its ‘brain’ connects sounds and images.

Learning

The robot has already been on display in Trondheim and Arendal, where visitors were able to affect its learning. It was in Trondheim for a month before Christmas, and in Arendal for two weeks in January.

Interacting with a diverse audience allowed the researchers to see exactly how it learns.

There was a lot of “My name is…” and “What is your name?” from the audience, but some people sang, and others read poems.

This resulted in a period where a lot of similar sounds and connected people got mixed up, a chaos of the machine making strange connections. But this changed the more it learned.

The robot gradually absorbed more and more impressions of different people. Certain people, like guides, affected it more, because it ‘saw’ them often. The robot also learned to filter input.

If a word is said in a certain way five times, and then in a different way once, it learned to filter away the standout and concentrate on the most common way, which is presumably correct. This processing happens during the robot’s downtime.

“We say that the machine ‘dreams’ at night,” Brandtsegg says.

After a while, the robot was able to connect words and pictures together in a more complex manner— you could say that it associates sounds with images and connects them by itself.

Development

The robot is constantly under development, and Brandtsegg and Tidemann have lost a lot of sleep over it.

“The day before it was put on display in Trondheim, we worked through the night until eight in the morning. Then we went home, ate breakfast, and went back to work at 11,” Brandtsegg says.

Between the two displays, they worked on improving the way the robot organizes its memories.

“Every little change we make takes a lot of time, at least if we want to make sure that we don’t destroy any of the things it already has learned,” Brandtsegg explains.

The result is a robot that shows how it makes associations in a very pedagogical manner. It doesn’t resemble any living organisms on purpose— you’re supposed to concentrate on its learning and the process behind it.