The 2.5-meter-long underwater drone is ready to be launched through the hole in the sea ice. Courtesy of Lars Chresten Lund Hansen
Splash. A Weddell seal weighing almost 500 kilograms lands inside the tent and blocks the hole laboriously sawn out by researchers in the two-meter-thick ice to launch drones under the sea ice.
The tent is lovely and warm. Small petroleum ovens provide heat to keep the hole free from ice. Outside, the Antarctic sea ice stretches for miles around, and the thermometer shows -15 degrees. The seal finally glides back into the water foraging for more fish, and the researchers have access to the open water. The advanced technology drone is carefully lowered into the icy cold sea.
Working here (right next to the old hut used by polar explorer Robert Falcon Scott in the Antarctic winter) are researchers Lars Chresten Lund Hansen, Brian Sorrell and Ph.D. student Bibi Ziersen from Aarhus University, along with their colleagues from Australia and New Zealand. They are developing and testing a new method to map the distribution of ice algae on the underside of the sea ice in Antarctica.
The tent covers a hole in the ice measuring 3 m x 1 m, and the researchers send their torpedo-shaped underwater drone down through the hole to map the underside of the sea ice. Making the hole takes most of a day and requires a major equipment package with an oil burner and steam drill.
“The drone was actually designed to study the sea bed and map factors, such as sediment types, but our Australian colleagues modified the drone so that it now looks up towards the bottom of the sea ice and measures the light coming through the ice with a radiometer,” says Associate Professor Lars Chresten Lund Hansen, Aarhus University.
Ice algae on the underside of the ice absorb light at certain wavelengths, and the radiometer measures how much or how little light is absorbed at these wavelengths. Based on the light measurements, the researchers can calculate the amount of algal biomass under the ice and, thereby, get an idea of where the ice algae are located and how many there are. The drone follows a pre-programmed course, and it maps the distribution of ice algae over very large areas where studies have not previously been possible.
Read more: Underwater Drones lead Antarctic Exploration into New Epoch
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